Words toward Tea Plantation | ArticleEstates.com

Among the beverages, tea plays a vital role as it contains caffeine as well as vitamins C, vitamin B2, vitamin D, vitamin K, calcium, iron, and copper. But the presence of caffeine is much higher than other contents. The tea plantation was first introduced in China in 2737 B.C and the cultivated variety was Camellia sinensis. The drinking tea is obtained from the dark green leaves of tea plant which is evergreen in nature. Three types of tea (green tea, black tea and yellow tea) are obtained from the tea leaves but young shoots and buds are preferred.

However, being a tropical crop, the tea plant is grown well in the mountain region. So, the commercial and successful tea plantation needs to provide such suitable environment for getting desirable yield. The tea can be grown in variable temperatures but not more than 320C and not less than 130C. It needs about 8000 ft altitude and about 200cm annul but well distributed rainfall. Before tea plantation, it needs to be ensure that the soil must be acidic i.e. PH range should be 4.5-6 having high organic matter content. The soil must also be rich in Fe, Mn and somewhat Al. The soil texture should be sandy loamy having high drainage capacity. However, the tea can be propagated by both sexual and asexual means but the asexual i.e. stem cutting is mostly done as it is most quick method for commercial cultivation. Before propagating, one should choose the definite variety of tea as there are mostly three varieties of tea i.e. Chinese, Indochina and Assam variety. The Assam variety is high yielder as the leaves of this plant are large and glossy. Though tea is cultivated mostly in hilly areas, it can also be grown in the level land but it must have good drainage facility as the tea can not withstand the water logged soil. For tea planting, the land should be prepared well I.e. the pit should be 12 inches in depth and about 9 inches in diameter. Before planning, pits are filled with surface soil rich in organic matter. For getting quality leaves, the tea plant have to be pruned i.e. the shoot has to be removed. The pruning operation is done for-

I. maintaining the plant permanently in the vegetative phage.

II. encouraging new shoot growth to form a desirable bush.

III. keeping the height of the plant within the bounds of easy and efficient plucking (about 25 inches high).

IV. making the plant bushy.

V. getting relief of disease or insect attacking branches of the plant.

Among the insect pests of tea, termite is more dangerous. So, the soil has to be treated with suitable insecticide like as Darsban 50 EC before tea plantation. On the other hand, some shade giving plants must be planted at 40-50 ft apart as the tea is shade loving plant and can?t tolerate the direct sunlight. For getting quality tea, the twig having two leaves and one bud should be harvested during monsoon and should maintain the proper processing methods.

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